# What it looked like last Tuesday

> A member was refused a book that is on the shelf today, and asks why. A table only knows today. The log can show the book as it was at that moment, and every event the request caused, across aggregates.

*A post after the series [CQRS with effect-cqrs](https://effect-cqrs.dambox.ch/blog/), on its lending library. November 2026.*

![A librarian lays a transparent sheet over one card in a ribbon of loan cards on the desk, while a puzzled member waits beside her and a past day is circled on the wall calendar](https://effect-cqrs.dambox.ch/_astro/what-it-looked-like-last-tuesday.Dqtnk3Lz_2oKBCV.webp)

Monday morning, Bob is at the desk. Last Tuesday he asked for *Dune* on the website, and the library refused. Today *Dune* is on the shelf. Was the website broken? Is he being treated differently? He would like to know, and so would the librarian.

Support tickets look like this everywhere: why did the system do *that*, back *then*? This post answers Bob’s from the library’s log. Every snippet runs in [`examples/blog/last-tuesday.test.ts`](https://github.com/davidnussio/effect-cqrs/blob/main/examples/blog/last-tuesday.test.ts), which lets the days pass in between.

## Tuesday

This is what happened, with the library and the borrowing saga of [the series](https://effect-cqrs.dambox.ch/blog/sagas/):

examples/blog/last-tuesday.ts

```ts
yield* books.commands.add("book-1", { title: "Dune", author: "Frank Herbert" })
yield* members.commands.join("alice", { name: "Alice Rossi" })
yield* members.commands.join("bob", { name: "Bob Bianchi" })


yield* members.commands.requestLoan("alice", { loanId: "loan-1", bookId: "book-1" })
yield* settled("alice", "loan-1")
yield* members.commands.requestLoan("bob", { loanId: "loan-2", bookId: "book-1" })
yield* settled("bob", "loan-2")
```

Alice asked first and got the book. Bob asked a moment later, and the saga cancelled his loan. On Friday Alice brought it back.

## What a table can say

The `books` table says *Dune* is available, `lent_to` empty. That is true, and it is all the table knows. Was it available last Tuesday at 10:04? It doesn’t say. Why was Bob refused? A request log might have a line, if it is still kept, if it was logged at all, and if someone can find it among a million others. Most support tickets like Bob’s end with “we can’t tell, sorry”, or with a developer reading code and guessing.

The log can say more, because it never threw anything away.

examples/blog/last-tuesday.ts

```ts
const today = yield* books.state("book-1")
// { status: "available", loan: null, … }: on the shelf
```

## Start from Bob

Bob’s own history says what happened to his request, with the reason the saga recorded:

examples/blog/last-tuesday.ts

```ts
const bob = yield* members.history("bob", { payload: true })
const refusal = bob.find(({ type }) => type === "LoanCancelled")!
// { type: "LoanCancelled", payload: { loanId: "loan-2", reason: "BookAlreadyLent" },
//   timestamp: Tuesday, causationId: "member/bob@2", correlationId: "…" }
```

`LoanCancelled`, reason `BookAlreadyLent`, on Tuesday. Two more fields come with every event:

* the **causation id** names what directly caused it: `member/bob@2`, the second event in Bob’s stream, his own `LoanRequested`. The saga that cancelled the loan was started by his request, and said so.
* the **correlation id** is shared by everything that followed from the same original request, however many steps and aggregates away.

## The book, back then

Was the book really lent? Ask the book, as it was at the moment of the refusal:

examples/blog/last-tuesday.ts

```ts
// The book as it was when Bob was refused. `finishTime` leaves out events from that
// instant on, so take the next millisecond.
const backThen = yield* books.state("book-1", { finishTime: DateTime.add(refusal.timestamp, { milliseconds: 1 }) })
// { status: "lent", loan: { loanId: "loan-1", memberId: "alice", dueOn: … }, … }
```

`state` with a `finishTime` folds the book’s events up to that instant, the same fold that gives today’s state, cut short. At the moment Bob was refused, the book was lent to Alice, with its due date. The refusal was right, and the librarian can show why, with the evidence.

This isn’t a feature added for support. It falls out of keeping events: a state is a fold of events, and a fold can stop anywhere. Every aggregate can be seen as it was at any instant, for free, from the day the first event was written.

## One request, end to end

The correlation id goes further. Gather every event that shares it, from every aggregate:

examples/blog/last-tuesday.ts

```ts
// Everything one request caused, across aggregates, by its correlation id.
const causedBy = (correlationId: string | null) =>
  store.read().pipe(
    Stream.filter((event) => event.correlationId === correlationId),
    Stream.map(({ aggregateId, aggregateName, type, version }) =>
      `${aggregateName}/${aggregateId}@${version} ${type}`
    ),
    Stream.runCollect
  )


const bobsRequest = yield* causedBy(refusal.correlationId)
// ["member/bob@2 LoanRequested", "member/bob@3 LoanCancelled"]


const alicesRequest = yield* causedBy(
  (yield* members.history("alice")).find(({ type }) => type === "LoanRequested")!.correlationId
)
// ["member/alice@2 LoanRequested", "book/book-1@2 BookLent", "member/alice@3 LoanConfirmed"]
```

Bob’s request is two events: asked, cancelled. The book has none, because it refused and a refusal writes nothing. Alice’s request, read the same way, is three events in two aggregates: she asked, the book was lent, her loan was confirmed. The whole saga, in order, from a single id.

Note

Reading the whole log to filter it is fine in a test or a support script. For a screen support uses every day, keep a read model indexed by correlation id, written by a view model like any other.

## What else it answers

The same two tools, a state at an instant and events by correlation, answer questions that are hard or impossible with tables:

* **Disputes.** “I returned it on time.” The `BookReturned` has a timestamp and the `late` decision, and the state just before it has the due date.
* **Audits.** Who changed what, when, as a result of which request. With [metadata](https://effect-cqrs.dambox.ch/blog/the-wrong-event/), also by which user or script.
* **Bug reports.** “It said available, then refused me.” The events of that request, and the state each aggregate was in, are the reproduction.
* **Reports as of a date.** Fold the events before a date into a report, and it says what the numbers were then, not what they are now with today’s corrections mixed in.

## Rules of thumb

* **Record the reason in the event.** `LoanCancelled { reason }` answers Bob in one line. A bare `LoanCancelled` sends someone to read code.
* **Keep correlation and causation flowing.** effect-cqrs carries them through commands, view models and sagas. Bring the correlation id in from the edge, the HTTP request or the message, and the trail starts where the user did.
* **Answer support from the log, not from logs.** Application logs are for operators, rotate away, and say what the code thought. The event log says what the system decided, and it is kept.

## Next

[Sagas](https://effect-cqrs.dambox.ch/blog/sagas/) in the series builds the borrowing process this post investigates, and the [aggregates guide](https://effect-cqrs.dambox.ch/guides/aggregates/) covers state, history, correlation and causation.